Centre du droit de l'art
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr
Bélier Malien – France, Jacques Chirac et Mali
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/belier-malien-2013-france-jacques-chirac-et-mali
En novembre 1996, le Président de la République Française Jacques Chirac reçoit en cadeau un quadrupède en terre cuite aux formes massives et stylisées. L’objet, qui provenait d’un site pillé au Mali, sera restitué sous forme de don après négociations en janvier 1998.No publisherMaliOwnership/propriétéDonationNegotiation/négociationPost 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution post 1970Symbolic gesture/geste symboliqueIllicit exportation/exportation illiciteFranceAntiquity/antiquitésIllicit excavation/fouille illiciteJacques ChiracAd hoc facilitator/facilitateur ad hocDiplomatic channel/voie diplomatique2015/12/14 14:35:00 GMT+1PageBath of Bathsheba – Italy and Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/bath-of-bathsheba-2013-italy-and-wadsworth-atheneum-museum-of-art
The painting “The Bath of Bathsheba”, by Jacopo Zucchi, was looted in 1945 from the Italian Embassy in Berlin, where it was on loan from the Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Antica of Rome. In 1965, it was acquired by the Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art.No publisherNegotiation/négociationWadsworth Atheneum Museum of ArtSpoils of war/butins de guerreDue diligenceConditional restitution/restitution sous conditionArtwork/oeuvre d’artLoan/prêtSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelOwnership/propriétéStatute of limitation/prescriptionItaly/Italie2013/02/09 15:30:00 GMT+1PageBanksy Mural – Bioresource, Inc. and 555 Nonprofit Studio/Gallery
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/banksy-mural-2013-bioresource-inc-and-555-nonprofit-studio-gallery
Artists from the 555 Nonprofit Studio/Gallery removed an endangered mural painting by the graffiti artist Banksy from a derelict site in Detroit. The owner of the site, Bioresource, Inc. subsequently filed suit with the Wayne County Circuit Court requesting the wall art’s restitution. The parties finally settled their dispute as the Company agreed to donate the mural to the Gallery, who paid the Company a symbolic amount.No publisherArtwork/oeuvre d’artDonationJudicial claim/action en justice555 Nonprofit Studio/GallerySettlement agreement/accord transactionnelSymbolic gesture/geste symboliqueBioresource, Inc.Ownership/propriétéNegotiation/négociation2013/08/08 14:30:00 GMT+1PageBaldin Collection – Kunsthalle Bremen, Germany and State Hermitage Museum Russia
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/baldin-collection-2013-kunsthalle-bremen-germany-and-state-hermitage-museum-russia-1
In the aftermath of the Second World War, the Soviet Army Captain Victor Baldin brought to Moscow many artworks of the collection of the Kunsthalle Bremen (Bremen Art Museum). The dispute for the restitution of the so-called “Baldin Collection” is ongoing and has grown to one of the most debated cases between Germany and Russia.No publisherStatute of limitation/prescriptionState Hermitage MuseumArtwork/oeuvre d’artOngoing dispute/litige en coursGermany/AllemagneKunsthalle BremenSpoils of war/butins de guerreRequest denied/rejet de la demandeNegotiation/négociationOwnership/propriétéAd hoc facilitator/facilitateur ad hocRussia/RussieDiplomatic channel/voie diplomatiqueState responsibility/responsabilité internationale des Etats2013/02/20 10:15:00 GMT+1PageBalangiga Bells – Philippines and United States
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/balangiga-bells-2013-philippines-and-united-states
The Balangiga Bells were removed in 1901 from the parish church of San Lorenzo de Martir in Balangiga, Eastern Samar, in the Philippines, by soldiers of the United States Armed Forces. The three bells returned to the Philippines in 2018 following the amendment of the law of the United States that originally prevented their return.No publisherOwnership/propriétéPhilippinesConditional restitution/restitution sous conditionDiplomatic channel/voie diplomatiqueState responsibility/responsabilité internationale des EtatsUnited States/États-UnisAntiquity/antiquitésProcedural issue/limites procéduralesSpoils of war/butins de guerre2019/11/11 15:25:00 GMT+1PageAuschwitz Suitcase – Pierre Lévi Heirs and Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum Oswiecim and Shoah Memorial Museum Paris
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/auschwitz-suitcase-2013-pierre-levi-heirs-and-auschwitz-birkenau-state-museum-oswiecim-and-shoah-memorial-museum-paris
After an initial unsuccessful attempt to negotiate the dispute regarding a suitcase between the heirs of the Holocaust victim Pierre Lévi and the Auschwitz Birkenau State Museum in Oswiecim, the heirs decided to file a restitution claim against the Museum. The parties eventually settled with the help of the Shoah Memorial Museum in Paris and agreed to a long-term loan of the suitcase at the Shoah Memorial Museum.No publisherNazi looted art/spoliations naziesOwnership/propriétéJudicial claim/action en justiceNegotiation/négociationLoan/prêtSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelAuschwitz-Birkenau State Museum OswiecimPierre LéviShoah Memorial Museum Paris2013/02/03 11:50:00 GMT+1PageAncient Manuscripts and Globe – Saint-Gall and Zurich
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/ancient-manuscripts-and-globe-saint-gall-and-zurich
Thanks to the Swiss Confederation who acted as a mediator, the dispute between the Cantons of Zurich and Saint-Gall over cultural objects displaced during the religious wars of 1712 was ultimately settled in 2006 by an inventive agreement.No publisherSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelNegotiation/négociationAd hoc facilitator/facilitateur ad hocAntiquity/antiquitésMediation/médiationCanton of Saint-Gall/Canton de Saint-GallOwnership/propriétéSpoils of war/butins de guerreCanton of Zurich/Canton de ZurichCopy/copieLoan/prêt2013/02/19 15:25:00 GMT+1PageAidonia Treasure – Greece and Ward Gallery
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/aidonia-treasure-2013-greece-and-ward-gallery
A collection of golden Mycenaean jewellery (the Aidonia Treasure) was acquired by the Ward Gallery of New York in early 1993. Before proceeding with the purchase the Gallery made enquiries in various Mediterranean States, including Greece, to find out whether the treasure was stolen. Greece responded in the negative, but it later sued the Gallery seeking restitution.No publisherOwnership/propriétéDonationWard GalleryJudicial claim/action en justiceDue diligenceNegotiation/négociationSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelPost 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution post 1970Illicit exportation/exportation illiciteArchaeological object/objet archéologiqueIllicit excavation/fouille illiciteUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionGreece/Grèce2013/02/08 16:50:00 GMT+1PageAfo-A-Kom – Furman Gallery and Kom people
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/afo-a-kom-2013-furman-gallery-and-kom-people
The Afo-A-Kom is a wooden sculpture sacred to the Kom people, a tribal population of Cameroon. In 1966, it was stolen and subsequently sold to a New York art dealer. No publisherFurman GalleryCriminal offence/infraction pénaleDue diligenceConditional restitution/restitution sous conditionNegotiation/négociationKom people/peuple KomPre 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution pre 1970Ownership/propriétéAd hoc facilitator/facilitateur ad hocIndigenous object/objet autochtoneSale/venteDiplomatic channel/voie diplomatique2013/02/07 17:40:00 GMT+1PageAdoration of the Magi – Gentili di Giuseppe Heirs and Museum of Fine Arts Boston
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/adoration-of-the-magi-2013-gentili-di-giuseppe-heirs-and-museum-of-fine-arts-boston
In February 2000, the heirs of the renowned Jewish art collector Federico Gentili di Giuseppe initiated negotiations with the Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) Boston on the restitution of the painting “Adoration of the Magi”, by Corrado Giaquinto. The painting had been sold at an auction in 1941. In October 2000, the heirs reached a part purchase-part donation agreement with the MFA Boston. No publisherNazi looted art/spoliations naziesNegotiation/négociationDonationStatute of limitation/prescriptionMuseum of Fine Arts BostonArtwork/oeuvre d’artOwnership/propriétéFederico Gentili di GiuseppeRepurchase/rachat2013/02/04 12:30:00 GMT+1Page3000 Archeological Objects – China and Two British Dealers
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/3000-archeological-objects-2013-china-and-two-british-dealers
On 10 February 1998, the Chinese government and two British dealers signed an out-of-court agreement that resolved the question of ownership of over 3000 archaeological objects. Most probably these were transferred to the United Kingdom through illegal excavation and trafficking.No publisherOwnership/propriétéIllicit exportation/exportation illiciteNegotiation/négociationJudicial claim/action en justiceBritish Dealers/marchands d'art anglaisArchaeological object/objet archéologiqueUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionChina/ChineIllicit excavation/fouille illiciteSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelPost 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution post 19702017/01/16 11:10:00 GMT+1Page200 Paintings – Goudstikker Heirs and the Netherlands
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/200-paintings-2013-goudstikker-heirs-and-the-netherlands
The art collection of Jacques Goudstikker was acquired by the Nazi commander Hermann Göring under suspicious circumstances during the Second World War. A large part of the collection was recovered by the Allied Forces after the war and it was subsequently returned to the Netherlands where it was labelled “Dutch national property”. The first part of these items was bought back by Goudstikker’s wife under a settlement agreement of 1952. The Dutch Government returned the second part – 200 paintings – to Marei Von Saher (the only surviving heir of Jacques Goudstikker) in 2006 based on a recommendation of the Dutch Restitution Committee.No publisherNazi looted art/spoliations naziesNegotiation/négociationNetherlands/Pays-BasJudicial claim/action en justiceRequest denied/rejet de la demandeArtwork/oeuvre d’artSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionJacques GoudstikkerOwnership/propriétéInstitutional facilitator/facilitateur institutionnelConciliationRepurchase/rachat2013/04/08 14:25:00 GMT+1Page89 Moche Archaeological Objects – Peru v. Johnson
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/89-moche-artifacts-2013-peru-v-johnson
After the discovery of the Moche site of Sipán (Peru) in the mid-eighties, many archaeological objects were looted and smuggled out of the country. In 1987, a smuggler who had been involved in the exportation of these objects to the United States contacted United States Customs agents and led to the eventual seizure of 89 Moche artifacts from Benjamin Johnson, a private collector. The government of Peru sued to retrieve the artifacts from Johnson. Peru’s claim was unsuccessful and the 89 archaeological objects remained in Johnson’s possession.No publisherOwnership/propriétéBenjamin JohnsonDonationJudicial claim/action en justiceCriminal offence/infraction pénaleEnforcement of foreign law/applicabilité du droit public étrangerRequest denied/rejet de la demandeIllicit importation/importation illiciteJudicial decision/décision judiciairePost 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution post 1970Illicit exportation/exportation illiciteAntiquity/antiquitésIllicit excavation/fouille illiciteProcedural issue/limites procéduralesPeru/Pérou2016/08/03 16:35:00 GMT+1Page30 Vigango – Denver Museum of Nature and Science et Kenya
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/30-vigango-2013-denver-museum-of-nature-and-science-et-kenya
Le 19 février 2014, le Denver Museum of Nature and Science a remis 30 vigango – statues de bois gravées à la mémoire des ancêtres des Mijikenda – au gouvernement kenyan.No publisherCriminal offence/infraction pénaleIndigenous object/objet autochtoneUnconstrained initiative/initiative spontanéeDonationUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionPost 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution post 1970KenyaDenver Museum of Nature and ScienceOwnership/propriété2014/04/17 09:05:00 GMT+1Page15 Archaeological Objects – Italy and Princeton University Art Museum
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/15-archaeological-objects-2013-italy-and-princeton-university-art-museum-1
The Italian Government and the Princeton University Art Museum signed an agreement on 30 October 2007 that resolved the question of ownership of 15 archaeological objects in the Museum’s collection. This accord was the culmination of negotiations that were initiated by the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities following the discovery of substantial evidence demonstrating the illicit provenance of the requested antiquities.No publisherOwnership/propriétéIllicit exportation/exportation illiciteSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelConditional restitution/restitution sous conditionCultural cooperation/coopération culturelleNegotiation/négociationDiplomatic channel/voie diplomatiqueArchaeological object/objet archéologiqueLoan/prêtDue diligencePrinceton University Art MuseumIllicit excavation/fouille illiciteItaly/ItalieProcedural issue/limites procéduralesPost 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution post 19702012/11/20 16:30:00 GMT+1Page