Centre du droit de l'art
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr
Christ Carrying the Cross Dragged by a Rascal – Gentili di Giuseppe Heirs v. Italy
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/christ-carrying-the-cross-dragged-by-a-rascal-2013-united-states-v-painting
In 1941, the painting “Christ Carrying the Cross Dragged by a Rascal” by Girolamo Romanino was confiscated by Nazi-controlled French authorities from Federico Gentili di Giuseppe – an Italian of Jewish descent living in Paris – and then sold at auction.
No publisherBrera Art GalleryOwnership/propriétéArtwork/oeuvre d’artJudicial decision/décision judiciaireJudicial claim/action en justiceUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionItaly/ItalieDiplomatic channel/voie diplomatiqueNazi looted art/spoliations naziesFederico Gentili di GiuseppeState immunity/immunité des EtatsExpropriationUnited States/États-UnisAd hoc facilitator/facilitateur ad hoc2015/08/11 14:25:00 GMT+1PageOn the Shore of the Seine – United States v. Baltimore Museum of Art
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/on-the-shore-of-the-seine-2013-united-states-of-america-v-baltimore-museum-of-art
In 1951, Pierre-Auguste Renoir’s painting “On the shore of the Seine” was stolen from the Baltimore Museum of Art in the United States. Over fifty years later, Marcia Fuqua bought this painting for US $7 at a flea market and tried to auction it off after learning of its value. No publisherJudicial decision/décision judiciaireBaltimore Museum of ArtArtwork/oeuvre d’artUnited States/États-UnisDue diligenceJudicial claim/action en justiceUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionMarcia FuquaPost 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution post 1970Ownership/propriété2015/02/17 18:15:00 GMT+1PageDancing Shiva Statue – India and National Gallery of Australia
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/dancing-shiva-statue-2013-india-and-national-gallery-of-australia
In 2006, New York art dealer Subhash Kapoor arranged the theft and illegal exportation of a 900-year old bronze statue of the Dancing Shiva from a small temple in Southern India. In 2008, the National Gallery of Australia bought the statue for AUD$5.6 million.No publisherSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelPost 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution post 1970DeaccessionNegotiation/négociationSubhash KapoorIndia/IndeAntiquity/antiquitésDue diligenceUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionOwnership/propriétéIllicit exportation/exportation illiciteCriminal offence/infraction pénaleDiplomatic channel/voie diplomatiqueNational Gallery of Australia2015/02/16 18:55:00 GMT+1PagePre-Columbian Archaeological Objects – United States v. McClain
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/pre-columbian-archaeological-objects-2013-united-states-v-mcclain
This case affirmed the conviction of several dealers who conspired to sell archaeological objects removed from Mexico in violation of the National Stolen Property Act (NSPA). Under the NSPA, it is a crime to deal in property that has been “stolen, unlawfully converted or taken, knowing the same to be stolen”.No publisherCriminal offence/infraction pénaleMcClainMexico/MexiqueEnforcement of foreign law/applicabilité du droit public étrangerIllicit exportation/exportation illiciteArchaeological object/objet archéologiqueJudicial decision/décision judiciaireUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionUnited States/États-UnisPost 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution post 1970Ownership/propriété2014/07/17 17:20:00 GMT+1PageBeneventan Missal – Metropolitan Chapter of the Cathedral City of Benevento and British Library
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/beneventan-missal-2013-metropolitan-chapter-of-the-cathedral-city-of-benevento-and-british-library
On 11 November 2010, a 12th Century manuscript, also known as the “Beneventan Missal”, was returned to the Metropolitan Chapter of the Cathedral City of Benevento, in Italy. The Missal disappeared in 1943 when the city was occupied by the Allied forces during World War II.No publisherDeaccessionStatute of limitation/prescriptionSpoils of war/butins de guerreDue diligenceMetropolitan Chapter of the Cathedral City of BeneventoArtwork/oeuvre d’artUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionBritish LibraryInstitutional facilitator/facilitateur institutionnelConciliationSpoliation Advisory Panel (UK)2014/07/15 14:55:00 GMT+1PageKhmer Statue – Cambodia and Sotheby’s and the United States
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/khmer-statue-2013-cambodia-and-sotheby2019s-and-the-united-states
In March 2011, Sotheby’s offered at auction in New York a Khmer statue. The statue was pulled out of the sale as a result of Cambodia’s request for its restitution. Cambodia claimed that it was illegally removed from the site Koh Ker during the 1970s and should be returned to them. No publisherOwnership/propriétéCambodia/CambodgeJudicial claim/action en justiceRuspoli Di Poggia SuasaNegotiation/négociationUnited States/États-UnisSotheby'sArchaeological object/objet archéologiqueUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionCriminal offence/infraction pénaleSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelAd hoc facilitator/facilitateur ad hocPost 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution post 19702014/06/30 16:35:00 GMT+1PageTrois tableaux spoliés – Héritiers Oppenheimer, van Doorn, Soepkez et France
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/trois-tableaux-spolies-2013-heritiers-oppenheimer-van-doorn-soepkez-et-france
Le 11 mars 2014, Aurélie Filippetti, Ministre de la Culture et de la Communication du gouvernement français, a officiellement restitué aux ayants-droit des trois familles qui avaient été spoliées par les Nazis (Oppenheimer, van Doorn et Soepkez) trois tableaux qui avaient été classés « Musées Nationaux Récupération ».No publisherOwnership/propriétéArtwork/oeuvre d’artInstitutional facilitator/facilitateur institutionnelJakob and Rosa OppenheimerRichard SoepkezStatute of limitation/prescriptionUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionNazi looted art/spoliations naziesFranceBaron Cassel van Doorn2014/05/05 14:55:00 GMT+1Page30 Vigango – Denver Museum of Nature and Science et Kenya
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/30-vigango-2013-denver-museum-of-nature-and-science-et-kenya
Le 19 février 2014, le Denver Museum of Nature and Science a remis 30 vigango – statues de bois gravées à la mémoire des ancêtres des Mijikenda – au gouvernement kenyan.No publisherCriminal offence/infraction pénaleIndigenous object/objet autochtoneUnconstrained initiative/initiative spontanéeDonationUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionPost 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution post 1970KenyaDenver Museum of Nature and ScienceOwnership/propriété2014/04/17 09:05:00 GMT+1PageElmali Hoard – Turkey and OKS Partners
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/elmali-hoard-2013-turkey-and-oks-partners
In 1999, OKS Partners, a consortium comprised of, among others, the American businessman William Koch, returned to Turkey nearly 1700 ancient coins. The coins were part of the Elmali Hoard, a precious and rare collection of ancient coins, also called the “Hoard of the Century,” that had been illegally excavated and smuggled out of Turkey in 1984. No publisherSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionNegotiation/négociationArchaeological object/objet archéologiqueStatute of limitation/prescriptionOwnership/propriétéJudicial claim/action en justiceOKS PartnersPost 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution post 1970Illicit excavation/fouille illiciteTurkey/Turquie2013/10/18 10:55:00 GMT+1PageTwo Bronze Animal Heads – China and Pierre Bergé
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/two-bronze-animal-heads-2013-china-and-pierre-berge
In February of 2009, Christie’s offered at auction two 18th-century bronze fountainheads – a rabbit and a rat – owned by the estate of Yves Saint Laurent and his longtime-partner Pierre Bergé. Stolen from the Old Summer Palace by British and French forces during the Second Opium War in 1860, the two heads’ sale provoked controversial international debate, inspiring a Chinese national to bid upon the bronzes at auction and refuse payment. In June of 2013, François-Henri Pinault, owner of Christie’s, returned to China the fountainheads in an effort to strengthen diplomatic and trade relations between France and China.No publisherAntiquity/antiquitésAd hoc facilitator/facilitateur ad hocState responsibility/responsabilité internationale des EtatsPierre BergéSpoils of war/butins de guerreChina/ChineDiplomatic channel/voie diplomatiqueDonationFinancial compensation/indemnisationNegotiation/négociationUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionOwnership/propriété2013/08/09 10:50:00 GMT+1PageMosaïques de Kanakaria – Autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church of Cyprus et Chypre c. Goldberg
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/mosaiques-de-kanakaria-2013-autocephalous-greek-orthodox-church-of-cyprus-et-chypre-c-goldberg
Quatre mosaïques sont volées dans l’Eglise chypriote du village de Lythrankomi. Une dizaine d’années plus tard, elles sont achetées par Goldberg, une commerçante d’art américaine. L’Eglise chypriote finit par apprendre le lieu où se trouvent les mosaïques et la personne en possession de celles-ci. Peu après, l’Eglise chypriote et la République de Chypre introduisent une action en justice auprès des tribunaux de l’Etat de l’Indiana aux Etats-Unis. No publisherCyprus/ChypreOwnership/propriétéJudicial decision/décision judiciaireJudicial claim/action en justiceUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionStatute of limitation/prescriptionAutocephalous Greek Orthodox Church of CyprusPost 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution post 1970Choice of law/droit applicableDue diligenceAntiquity/antiquitésGoldberg2013/04/25 19:45:00 GMT+1PageKanakaria Mosaics – Autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church of Cyprus and Cyprus v. Goldberg
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/kanakaria-mosaics-2013-autocephalous-greek-orthodox-church-of-cyprus-and-cyprus-v-goldberg
Four mosaics were stolen from the Cypriot Church of the Panagia Kanakaria in Lythrankomi, following the Turkish military intervention in Cyprus of 1974. Afterwards, they were purchased by an American art dealer, Peg Goldberg. In 1989, the Autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church of Cyprus and the Republic of Cyprus traced the mosaics to Indiana and filed a judicial claim to obtain restitution.No publisherOwnership/propriétéCyprus/ChypreJudicial claim/action en justiceDue diligenceStatute of limitation/prescriptionJudicial decision/décision judiciairePost 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution post 1970Autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church of CyprusAntiquity/antiquitésUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionGoldbergChoice of law/droit applicable2013/04/25 16:10:00 GMT+1PageInakayal Human Remains – Argentina, Museo de La Plata and Tehuelche People
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/inakayal-human-remains-2013-argentina-museo-de-la-plata-and-tehuelche-people
Inakayal was a leader of the Tehuelche people, a native tribe of Patagonia (Argentina). In 1884, he was captured by the Argentinian army. After his death in 1888 his remains became part of the collection of the Museo de La Plata.No publisherOwnership/propriétéHuman remains/restes humainsDeaccessionUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionTehuelche PeopleDiplomatic channel/voie diplomatiquePost 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution post 1970Argentina/ArgentineMuseo de La Plata2013/04/25 09:45:00 GMT+1PageQuatre momies – Chili et Personne privée
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/quatre-momies-2013-chili-et-personne-privee
Le 20 janvier 2011, un particulier restitue quatre momies vieilles de 4000 à 6000 ans au Chili. Des représentants du Chili, des responsables du Musée d’Ethnographie de la Ville de Genève et le Service spécialisé de l’Office fédéral de la culture ont joué un rôle déterminant dans cette affaire.No publisherOwnership/propriétéPrivate person/personne privéeMusée d’ethnographie de la Ville de GenèveHuman remains/restes humainsNegotiation/négociationPost 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution post 1970Unconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionAd hoc facilitator/facilitateur ad hocChile/Chili2013/04/12 14:30:00 GMT+1Page200 Paintings – Goudstikker Heirs and the Netherlands
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/200-paintings-2013-goudstikker-heirs-and-the-netherlands
The art collection of Jacques Goudstikker was acquired by the Nazi commander Hermann Göring under suspicious circumstances during the Second World War. A large part of the collection was recovered by the Allied Forces after the war and it was subsequently returned to the Netherlands where it was labelled “Dutch national property”. The first part of these items was bought back by Goudstikker’s wife under a settlement agreement of 1952. The Dutch Government returned the second part – 200 paintings – to Marei Von Saher (the only surviving heir of Jacques Goudstikker) in 2006 based on a recommendation of the Dutch Restitution Committee.No publisherNazi looted art/spoliations naziesNegotiation/négociationNetherlands/Pays-BasJudicial claim/action en justiceRequest denied/rejet de la demandeArtwork/oeuvre d’artSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionJacques GoudstikkerOwnership/propriétéInstitutional facilitator/facilitateur institutionnelConciliationRepurchase/rachat2013/04/08 14:25:00 GMT+1Page