Centre du droit de l'art
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr
Four Old Master Drawings – Feldmann Heirs and the British Museum
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/case-4-old-master-drawings-2013-feldmann-heirs-and-the-british-museum
In May of 2002, the British Museum was confronted with a restitution claim by the heirs of the Second World War victim, Arthur Feldmann, regarding four Old Master drawings. The Commission of Looted Art Europe, who represented the claimant, and the British Museum, jointly sought guidance from the Spoliation Advisory Panel. After deferral of the Attorney General, the High Court held that under the British Museum Act the Museum could not restitute an object in order to meet a moral obligation without an Act of Parliament. Eventually, the British Museum followed the recommendation of the Spoliation Advisory Panel and compensated the family with an ex gratia payment.No publisherDeaccessionArtwork/oeuvre d’artInstitutional facilitator/facilitateur institutionnelEx gratia payment/versement à titre gracieuxJudicial claim/action en justiceArthur FeldmannNegotiation/négociationSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelBritish Museum2012/11/12 15:45:00 GMT+1DocumentFive Schiele Watercolors – Leopold Museum and Eva Zirkl
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/five-schiele-watercolors-leopold-museum-and-eva-zirkl
Karl Mayländer, a Jewish businessman and art collector, was deported from Austria to occupied Poland and later killed in the Holocaust. Before leaving, he left his art collection to his partner who later sold it. Five Schiele watercolors from his collection came into the possession of the Leopold Museum. Negotiations between the museum and Eva Zirkl, Mayländer’s heir, concluded with the return of two of the five watercolors to Zirkl.No publisherArtwork/oeuvre d’artSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelNegotiation/négociationAd hoc facilitator/facilitateur ad hocLeopold MuseumEva ZirklUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionOwnership/propriétéKarl MayländerNazi looted art/spoliations naziesProcedural issue/limites procédurales2016/07/27 13:55:00 GMT+1DocumentEuphronios Krater and Other Archaeological Objects – Italy and Metropolitan Museum of Art
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/euphronios-krater-and-other-archaeological-objects-2013-italy-and-metropolitan-museum-of-art
In February 2006, the Italian Ministry for Cultural Heritage and Activities and the Metropolitan Museum of Art (MET) of New York entered into a landmark agreement with which the ownership title to the Euphronios Krater and other archaeological artefacts was transferred to the Italian Government.No publisherSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelProcedural issue/limites procéduralesItaly/ItalieNegotiation/négociationConditional restitution/restitution sous conditionCriminal offence/infraction pénaleCultural cooperation/coopération culturelleOwnership/propriétéIllicit exportation/exportation illiciteThe Metropolitan Museum of Art New YorkDiplomatic channel/voie diplomatiquePost 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution post 1970Illicit excavation/fouille illiciteLoan/prêtArchaeological object/objet archéologique2013/03/20 12:30:00 GMT+1DocumentElmali Hoard – Turkey and OKS Partners
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/elmali-hoard-2013-turkey-and-oks-partners
In 1999, OKS Partners, a consortium comprised of, among others, the American businessman William Koch, returned to Turkey nearly 1700 ancient coins. The coins were part of the Elmali Hoard, a precious and rare collection of ancient coins, also called the “Hoard of the Century,” that had been illegally excavated and smuggled out of Turkey in 1984. No publisherSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionNegotiation/négociationArchaeological object/objet archéologiqueStatute of limitation/prescriptionOwnership/propriétéJudicial claim/action en justiceOKS PartnersPost 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution post 1970Illicit excavation/fouille illiciteTurkey/Turquie2013/10/18 10:55:00 GMT+1DocumentDurga Idol – India and Germany
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/durga-idol-2013-india-and-germany
In the 1990s, a 10th century idol representing the Indian Goddess Durga was reported as stolen from a temple in Tengpora, Pulwana in the state of Jammu and Kashmir in India. The idol was found at the Linden Museum in Stuttgart in 2012. After presenting the evidence of its provenance, the idol was returned to India on “ethical grounds”.No publisherSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelOwnership/propriétéNegotiation/négociationSubhash KapoorCriminal offence/infraction pénaleDue diligenceUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionGermany/AllemagneArtwork/oeuvre d’artIndia/IndeDiplomatic channel/voie diplomatiquePost 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution post 1970Illicit exportation/exportation illicite2016/10/05 11:55:00 GMT+1DocumentDeux cavaliers sur la plage – Héritiers Friedmann, Kunstmuseum de Berne, République fédérale d’Allemagne et Etat libre de Bavière
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/deux-cavaliers-sur-la-plage-2013-heritiers-friedmann-kunstmuseum-de-berne-republique-federale-d2019allemagne-et-etat-libre-de-baviere
En 1942, le marchand d’art Hildebrand Gurlitt reçoit le tableau Deux cavaliers sur la plage de Max Liebermann qui a été spolié au collectionneur juif David Friedmann. Il meurt en 1956 et son fils Cornelius hérite de sa riche collection d’œuvres. La collection est découverte par hasard en 2012 et conservée secrètement par les autorités allemandes afin de déterminer l’origine des objets. No publisherSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelGermany/AllemagneState immunity/immunité des EtatsEtat libre de BavièreOwnership/propriétéCornelius GurlittBreach of contract/violation du contratArtwork/oeuvre d’artUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionDavid TorenJudicial claim/action en justiceNazi looted art/spoliations naziesLegacy/legsDavid FriedmannKunstmuseum de Berne2017/09/25 11:55:00 GMT+1DocumentDancing Shiva Statue – India and National Gallery of Australia
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/dancing-shiva-statue-2013-india-and-national-gallery-of-australia
In 2006, New York art dealer Subhash Kapoor arranged the theft and illegal exportation of a 900-year old bronze statue of the Dancing Shiva from a small temple in Southern India. In 2008, the National Gallery of Australia bought the statue for AUD$5.6 million.No publisherSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelPost 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution post 1970DeaccessionNegotiation/négociationSubhash KapoorIndia/IndeAntiquity/antiquitésDue diligenceUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionOwnership/propriétéIllicit exportation/exportation illiciteCriminal offence/infraction pénaleDiplomatic channel/voie diplomatiqueNational Gallery of Australia2015/02/16 18:55:00 GMT+1DocumentCypriot Icon – Boy George and the Greek Orthodox Church in Cyprus
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/cypriot-icon-boy-george-and-the-greek-orthodox-church-in-cyprus
When the representative of the Greek Orthodox church of Cyprus, Bishop Porfyrios, watched a television interview with the British singer, Boy George, he discovered that an 18th century Cypriot icon was hanging in the singer’s living room. The artefact depicting Jesus Christ Pantokrator was displayed in the Cypriot Church of St. Charalambos, before it was allegedly looted during the Turkish invasion of 1974. At the request of the Bishop, Boy George immediately agreed to return the artefact and received a gift in return.No publisherSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelOwnership/propriétéNegotiation/négociationGreek Orthodox church in Cyprus/Eglise grecque orthodoxe de ChypreAntiquity/antiquitésUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionBoy GeorgeSpoils of war/butins de guerreSymbolic gesture/geste symbolique2013/02/12 14:35:00 GMT+1DocumentCuneiform Tablets and Ancient Clay Bullae – United States v. Hobby Lobby
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/450-cuneiform-tablets-and-3-000-ancient-clay-bullae-2013-united-states-v-hobby-lobby
Approximately 4,000 ancient Iraq artifacts were bought by Hobby Lobby’s president and smuggled into the United States, in violation of federal law. In the settlement, Hobby Lobby agreed to pay $3 million in fines and surrender the artifacts, which have now been returned to Iraq and will most likely be displayed in Iraq’s National Museum. No publisherSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelHobby LobbyAntiquity/antiquitésUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionSteve GreenIllicit exportation/exportation illiciteIllicit importation/importation illiciteUnited States/États-UnisPost 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution post 19702018/08/09 10:50:00 GMT+1DocumentCrâne d’Ataï – France et Nouvelle-Calédonie
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/crane-d2019atai-2013-france-et-nouvelle-caledonie
En 1878, le grand chef Ataï fût tué lors de la rébellion de son clan contre l’accaparement des terres par les colonisateurs français. Devenu le symbole de la lutte contre le colonialisme français en Nouvelle-Calédonie, sa tête a été mise à prix avant de devenir propriété de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris (SAP). Dès les accords de Matignon en 1988, la France a promis le retour du crâne d’Ataï. Toutefois, ce n’est qu’en 2014, après des demandes réitérées, que le crâne fut finalement restitué à ses descendants.No publisherOwnership/propriétéUnconstrained initiative/initiative spontanéeHuman remains/restes humainsNew Caledonia/Nouvelle-CalédonieFranceUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionColonialism/colonialismeSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelAd hoc facilitator/facilitateur ad hoc2020/11/12 17:10:00 GMT+1DocumentCollection Varenne – Héritiers Varenne et Ville de Genève
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/collection-varenne-2013-heritiers-varenne-et-ville-de-geneve
En 2008, un accord est conclu entre la Ville de Genève et les héritiers Varenne portant sur la collection « Varenne ». La Ville de Genève renonce à la donation « Varenne » initiale en échange notamment de CHF 30.000.000.No publisherSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelPost 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution post 1970Procedural issue/limites procéduralesNegotiation/négociationArtwork/oeuvre d’artDonationHéritiers VarenneFinancial compensation/indemnisationMusée d'Art et d'Histoire de GenèveJudicial decision/décision judiciaireLegacy/legs2013/02/20 10:55:00 GMT+1DocumentChasuble – Paraguay et Musée d’ethnographie de Neuchâtel et François Machon
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/chasuble-2013-paraguay-et-musee-d2019ethnographie-de-neuchatel-et-francois-machon
En 1889, le Musée d’ethnographie de Neuchâtel (MEN) reçoit en don une chasuble probablement spoliée au Paraguay pendant la guerre de la Triple Alliance (1864-1870). En 1926, le médecin neuchâtelois François Machon, alors Consul du Paraguay à Lausanne, propose au MEN le retour de la chasuble en échange du don de sa collection ethnographique, ce que le MEN accepte.No publisherNegotiation/négociationDonationPrivate person/personne privéeSpoils of war/butins de guerreBreach of contract/violation du contratSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelMusée d’ethnographie de NeuchâtelAntiquity/antiquitésAd hoc facilitator/facilitateur ad hocIndigenous object/objet autochtoneDiplomatic channel/voie diplomatiqueParaguay2013/04/08 16:30:00 GMT+1DocumentChagall Gouache – Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation and Lubell
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/case-chagall-gouache-2013-solomon-r-guggenheim-foundation-and-lubell
In 1993, the Guggenheim Foundation, Mrs. Rachel Lubell, and other interested parties reached a settlement regarding a Marc Chagall painting that had been stolen from the Museum and purchased by Mrs. Lubell almost thirty years prior. Though a trial court had originally held the Guggenheim’s suit seeking recovery was time-barred, the Appellate Division reversed the lower court’s decision and clarified New York’s “demand and refusal” rule. On remand, the parties settled just one day after the new trial began.No publisherSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelRepurchase/rachatRachel and Jules LubellUnited States/États-UnisNegotiation/négociationThe Solomon R. Guggenheim FoundationStatute of limitation/prescriptionDue diligencePre 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution pre 1970Ownership/propriétéJudicial claim/action en justiceArtwork/oeuvre d’artFinancial compensation/indemnisationJudicial decision/décision judiciaireTort /acte illiciteProcedural issue/limites procédurales2013/08/27 15:25:00 GMT+1DocumentCanon Tables – Western Prelacy of the Armenian Apostolic Church of America and J. Paul Getty Museum
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/canon-tables-2013-western-prelacy-of-the-armenian-apostolic-church-of-america-and-j-paul-getty-museum
The Canon Tables of the Zeyt’un Gospels were illegally separated from the manuscript sometime between 1915-1923. Having discovered that the Tables had been stolen and were held at the J. Paul Getty Museum in California, the Western Prelacy of the Armenian Apostolic Church engaged in a legal battle with the Getty regarding the restitution of the Tables. After five years, the two sides reached a settlement in 2015.No publisherEx gratia payment/versement à titre gracieuxSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelSymbolic gesture/geste symboliqueMediation/médiationArtwork/oeuvre d’artPre 1970 restitution claims/demandes de restitution pre 1970Ownership/propriétéDonationJ. Paul Getty MuseumJudicial claim/action en justiceWestern Prelacy of the Armenian Apostolic Church of AmericaStatute of limitation/prescription2016/10/14 11:55:00 GMT+1DocumentBuste de Diane – Pologne et Auktionshaus im Kinsky
https://plone.unige.ch/art-adr/cases-affaires/buste-de-diane-2013-pologne-et-auktionshaus-im-kinsky
En juin 2015, le Ministère de la culture polonais apprend qu’un buste de Diane, spolié durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale et disparu depuis, va prochainement être vendu à Vienne par la maison de vente Auktionshaus im Kinsky. Le Ministère contacte alors la société Art Recovery International. Avec l’aide de cette dernière et de l’Ambassadeur ainsi que du Consul général de Pologne en Autriche, le buste est restitué à la Pologne le 18 décembre 2015.No publisherSettlement agreement/accord transactionnelArt Recovery InternationalAuktionshaus im KinskyAd hoc facilitator/facilitateur ad hocMediation/médiationDue diligenceUnconditional restitution/restitution sans conditionOwnership/propriétéArtwork/oeuvre d’artNazi looted art/spoliations naziesDiplomatic channel/voie diplomatiquePoland/Pologne2017/12/11 17:35:00 GMT+1Document